The Acts of Racism In The 20th Century Essay -- essays research papers

The Act’s of Racism In The 20th Century   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Langston Hughes and Maya Angelou were very well known authors of the early 20th century. Most of their writings were concerned with racism and equality. During that time period there was much evidence that African Americans had been treated unfairly, unjustly, and as if they had been beneath the whites. Segregation of schools, churches, bathrooms, and stores were only a few of the many things wrong with this ere. Racism was very apparent in the two short stories â€Å"Graduation† and â€Å"One Friday Morning†. In one of these, a young girl is put down because of the color of her skin, and in the other, a whole class and audience were made to feel lower than they should have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Langston Hughes short story â€Å"One Friday Morning† a young girl by the name of Nancy Lee was denied an art scholarship because of the color of her skin. When she first learned that she was going to receive a reward for one of her pictures, she became very excited as any young girl her age would have been. Her vice principal Miss O’Shay was also very excited for her. She wanted Nancy to speak at a ceremony in honor of this art scholarship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friday morning came, and what was thought to be an adventurous day filled with lots a happiness, turned out to be the exact opposite for Nancy Lee. Just before she was about to give her speech in front of the whole school for what she had accomplish...

Chapter Guide for “Twilight of Atheism” Essay

The classical version of atheism is vastly different than the atheism that is known today. – Some consider â€Å"modern atheism† as one of the greatest achievements of human intellect. Immortalization in Greek myths meant â€Å"infinite extension of existence, not the infinite projection of moral qualities† – Classical Greek atheism denied â€Å"traditional religion of the Athenian establishment† – Protestant reformers wrote against church’s corruption and straying from â€Å"authentic models of the New Testament† – Protestantism eventually gained popularity in Western Europe in 1600s -â€Å"Historical origins of modern atheism lie primarily in an extended criticism of the power and status of the church – The 18th century was regarded the â€Å"most creative period of atheist experimentation and reflection† Historians date the birth of ‘avowed’ or intentional atheism in Britain to around the year 1782 Credit for the serious advancement of atheism on he eve of the Victorian era is most due to William Godwin. He believed that social vision rested on the assumption of the perfectibility of humanity through reason. Mary Robinson wrote that, â€Å"nature was emancipated from being God’s creation, and became a divinity in its own right. Percy Shelley argued that since compelling evidence for the existence of God is lacking, here is no intellectual obligation to believe in God. However, Shelley never explicitly denies the existence of a God in general. Shelley seems to argue against institutional religion. Mary Ann Evans aka George Eliot, grew up an evangelical, but turned into an atheist because she was of the increasingly dogmatic and impersonal constructs of the Christian faith. Evans/Eliot turned to a religion of human sympathy, she believed that the moral aspects of faith could be maintained without Christianity. A. C. Swinburne was more avant-garde and aggressive in his approach to spreading atheism. He visualized god as a birch-wielding tyrant that oppresses humanity. Swineburne believed that only the rejection of God would open the way to human self-fulfillment. By the middle of the Nineteenth Century Jesus was seen as a moral sage, or as a role model. George Tyrrell was appalled that Jesus was seen as less captivating, but conceded that the Christ was a â€Å"pale reflection† of his biblical self. Chapter 6 Dostoyevsky was a Russian novelist that wrote on a fictional Russia that turned to atheism to solve its problems. While he showed attractive of that choice, he also presented some of its more troubling features. His criticisms were directed more toward the world God supposedly created, more than critiquing God himself. Nietzsche emphasized that the belief in the Christian God became unbelievable. Nietzsche admits that the realization that â€Å"God is dead† will travel slowly because it is just too â€Å"unthinkable†. For nihilism, a religious worldview is oppressive because it insists that we will be held accountable for our actions. In a nihilistic view, there are no sins, because nothing matters in the end. Albert Camus argued that human life is rendered meaningless by death, which prevents the individual from making sense of existence. For Camus death is not to be seen as a realize but as a denial of all of our accomplishments. However Atheism did not materialize as well in the United States. Many thinkers believed that if God was not in heaven, he could be found somewhere else. Chapter 7 â€Å"new atheism† embraces those who question God; people who consider themselves Agnostic. McGrath writes that atheism is not about the suspension of judging whether God exists, he states that true atheism is a firm disbelieve in God. He writes that true atheists view religion as outdated, enslaving, and a self-contradiction. McGrath criticizes the idea that if there was a God, why does he allow suffering, by showing the fact that many of the atrocities committed to humans are caused by other humans – the ones that are supposed to be the â€Å"new gods† In the 19th century people were invited to in-vision a world without God, but in the 20th it had already been attempted through the Soviet Union. But by 1980 it was obvious that this had not happened, in seemed to have reversed. John Henry Newman wrote that Christianity was a, â€Å"living organism still in the process of evolving and developing†. Pentecostalism seemed to become very popular in the years after the second World War. Pentecostalism stresses a direct, immediate experience with God, apposed to the more dry forms of worship in Christianity. It also uses a language that allows it to bridge cultural gaps easily. Chapter 8 – McGrath believes that Protestantism helped Atheism develop in some way. -Durning the Reformation the distinction between nature and God were widened a bit. The idea that the natural world was not sacred spread amongst popular thinkers. -They believed that even if God did create the world, we could not conceive God through it. They believed that God had to be known indirectly. Protestant reformers suspected that that medieval Catholicism occasionally degenerated into a folk religion of nature. -They believed that God revealed himself through the bible and preaching. He states that Protestantism encouraged the notion that God was absent from human culture and experience. This idea seems to mirror some of the ideas the budding ideas of Atheism. McGrath argues that protestantism took away some of the creativity of religion, which in turn made atheism seem more appealing. Atheism had a view of universality and a notion that it was above the common person. – Atheism has always been on the sidelines of American life and perhaps will remain there. – Signs of loss of confidence in atheism. – â€Å"Sun seems to be setting on an†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœempire of the mind’† Chapter 11 -Future of atheism lies in private belief, not in the public domain it once had. – Proved situation specific, not universal, and oppressing and not liberating. -Radical religious change led to tinkering with vocabulary instead of eliminating vices. Atheism confirms this theory. Nietzsche wrote, â€Å"God is dead, as a meaningful reality, but the people had to believe in something else if that was the case†. -Sigmund Freud stated that, â€Å"religion encouraged unhealthy and dysfunctional outlooks on life†. -Growing awareness for spirituality instead. -Religion brings together groups of people such as immigrants, creating communities. -In the US, atheism spawns organizations, not communities. -Atheism has not learned from their leader’s mistakes, and needs to grow leaders to fix it – Greatest virtue: moral seriousness. But atheism is in a twilight zone at the moment.

Analysis of the French Ambassadors

Holbein’s piece of the French Ambassadors (23-11) depicts two people standing in what seems to be an office or study. One man, the one on the left seems to be a patron or some sort of a wealthy man. You can tell by the clothes he is wearing and how much more dignified he looks than from the man on his right. The landowner has a fancy coat lined with some sort of fur. He has on some jewelry, a necklace, hanging from his neck. In his right hand he seems to be holding some kind of instrument showing he is an educated man. His face is rendered with more realism than his peer on the right. He also seems to be bit more lively in spirit. The landowner is leaning upon a table that is loaded with many other instruments for collecting data. These tools are symbols that these two men aren’t your ordinary common folk, they are more like scholars and have curiosities about many different things in life as what was a main theme of the Renaissance. The globes on the tables indicate an interest in astronomy and geology. It could also be a reference to Nicholas Copernicus a Renaissance astronomer who was the first to theorize that the earth wasn’t the center of the universe. Other instruments on the table indicate interests in mathematics, as there seems to be some cube object with numbers and angles maybe referring to geometry. Also on the table there is a mandolin signifying that not only are these two just purely scholars, but lively entertaining people or culturally diverse people. Another object on the table has to be the open books, which seem to be journals or diaries of some sort because of how there is a feather pen marking a spot in one. On the table there is a mantle but to me it looks more than just a decorative pattern for protection of a table but a tapestry of some sort. Above and behind the men and the table is a green patterned curtain. The drapery on the curtain causes your eyes to flow downward upon to the men and the table. The man on the right is dressed in black robes, clothing of a clergyman with a pair of gloves in his hand. If the clothes aren’t enough, he also has the white collar that all Catholic members of the church wear. The lighting in this painting is coming from the left as you can tell from how the landowner’s face seems to be more brightly lit than the clergyman’s. also you can tell by how on the clergyman’s side the painting gets gradually darker. One important thing about this painting is also the face of the gentlemen. In a way it seems as if two different artists of different caliber painted the faces. The landowners face looks loquent and beautiful, while the clergyman’s face looks simple and without much enthusiasm. The biggest concept of this image has to be the grayish line of some sort running through the ground. This object is an anamorphic image and the most interesting part of this painting. An anamorphic image is a distorted image that is only viewable from a certain angle or through a mirror. When looking at the painting from a lower angle and tilting your head towards the left you see an image of a skull. This skull is a symbol that can mean two different things. One is the study of sciences of the human body as there is no evidence of studying the human body is shown on the table that is supposed to represent education. The skull shows that the ponderings of the science of the human body bring these two men together. Another explanation for the symbol of the skull is to remind the viewer that even with all these great advancements and breakthroughs that man is still mortal and eventually one will die. The theme at first that I got was that men of the renaissance were greatly interested in the fine arts and education. Once looking at the painting more in depth and various times I see that that is just scratching the surface. The theme for this painting is how even though the Church and Landowners/nobility and wealthy were of such different social classes and distinctions, and even though they had many differences, they were brought together by their thirst for knowledge about everything they could imagine of. This theme comes through how the two men are leaning on the table full of symbols of education and higher learning showing their interests in it.

The impact of social class on life chances in the UK Essays

The impact of social class on life chances in the UK Essays The impact of social class on life chances in the UK Paper The impact of social class on life chances in the UK Paper LIFE CHANCES SOCIAL CLASS CONTINUES TO HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON LIFE CHANCES OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE CONTEMPORARY UK. DISCUSS THIS VIEW, USING APPROPRIATE EVIDENCE. In a modern western society persons strive to accomplish the things that are labelled as desirable, the best phone, a large house and a nice auto. These are all known as trade goods alongside instruction, wellness and lodging but these trade goods are really seldom distributed every bit and so really accomplishing these things can be hard ( Stroud, 2001 ) . The ability and chance a individual has to accomplish these trade goods is known as a person’s life opportunities. There are assorted factors that can find a person’s life opportunities including familial heritage, societal category of parents, instruction, childhood poorness, household, attitudes and favoritism, plus many more ( Aldridge, 2004 ) . A person’s life opportunities will frequently be determined by their societal category within their society. Social category is one of the oldest and perchance one of the most relentless inequalities in British society. Classs are groups of people that all portion t he same ideals, chances and cultural beliefs. These category systems can be defined by achieved or ascribed position. Achieved position is position that has been worked for, whereas ascribed position is from birth. Some category systems have societal mobility, which gives persons the chance to travel up or down categories. Throughout history there have been records of many different category systems, including bondage, the feudal system and the Hindu caste system. Some of these category systems still exist even in today’s modernised universe. Despite many adaptations taking topographic point as life continues to alter harmonizing to the National Equality Panel the UK is still a long manner from being a society of equal chance. There has been a batch of alteration over the last two decennaries that have so improved the life opportunities of many ; these alterations have narrowed the inequalities in net incomes, gender and instruction for cultural minorities ( Timmins, 2010 ) . The biggest inequality that can be seen within the UK would be with income, with the bulk of the UK’s wealth being owned by merely a little per centum. Within the modern-day UK there appears to be a category system divided into three classs, upper category, in-between category and working category. For each of these three categories at that place will be differences in the sort of advantages or disadvantages the people within them can hold. These differences may be recognised by obvious inequality with trade goods such as council lodging or in private owned lodging in choice locations, instruction at choice schools compared to province instruction, private health care opposed to NHS health care and extremely paid businesss against ill paid or no business chances. There could besides be disadvantages due to a person’s speech pattern and idiom, visual aspect and vesture and the leisure activities that individual indulges in. There may besides be other less obvious inequalities, from societal category, that can impact a person’s life opportunities. In a modern society societal category and life opportunities depend mostly on economic differences between groups, such as wealth and income, ownership of goods, and a person’s place in society ( SFEU, n.d ) . The biggest differences in societal category within the UK can be seen through a person’s business. The upper categories can populate off unearned income, such as land rents or heritage. There are non many upper category people populating off unearned income, despite there being some really affluent people. In the UK most people fall into in-between category or working category classs. The in-between category is broken down into the higher in-between category and the lower in-between category. The higher in-between category clasp businesss in professional work such as jurisprudence, medical specialty or owning concerns. This type of work requires instruction, makings and accomplishments. While the lower in-between category clasp businesss such as instructors and l ens makers. At one clip lower in-between category businesss were sought after and would hold been regarded as higher in-between category, but due to these professions now being stable good paid places they have decreased in category standing ( Mills, 1956, cited in Anon, n.d ) . Working categories hold manual labour businesss and although this can frequently necessitate a batch of accomplishment it is non by and large good paid ( Anon, n.d ) . It is more than obvious to state that if a kid has a good instruction and achieves high makings so that kid is most likely to derive a high paying occupation. A individual born into a household life in poorness would evidently non hold the same chance to go to a top quality private school as a individual born into a affluent household. There is besides the consideration of catchment countries with instruction that could forestall a individual being able to go to a better school than provided in their local country. A batch of the best schools in the UK do hold scholarship and bursary chances, nevertheless these do non ever use as some of the persons from poorer societies are unable or unaware of how to use for this aid and if they do they could still be refused. For case, a kid from a council estate, populating with unemployed parents on the outskirts of a metropolis would non be able to travel to a private funded school in a large metropolis. Whereas a kid with parents as histrions will about ever be immediately enrolled to the best private schools available. The chief factor that affects wellness inequality in the UK is societal category. There are many surveies that show people born in to hapless households have less opportunity of endurance, turn up with hapless wellness and may decease at an early age. NHS waiting lists at an all clip high, those persons with either low incomes or no incomes are progressively waiting longer for potentially lifesaving intervention. In contrast to this those people in what is considered the upper categories are able to pay to hold intervention in private and about instantly, besides holding the chance to take the best surgeon/doctor to execute the intervention. There is besides the fact that many working category businesss cause unwellness but the people enduring are unable to take clip off from their employment for fright of dismissal. Health inequalities may non be straight caused by societal category itself but more as a consequence of societal category inequality. Poor wellness can be a consequence of hapless life conditions, bad eating wonts, behavioral wonts such as smoke and imbibing and deficiency of exercising ( Macintyre, cited in Burton, 2014 ) . Another difference between life opportunities and differing societal categories is the manner offense is handled. A batch of national statistics province that most offense is committed by working category males. This is non needfully true as a batch of affluent people frequently commit offenses but are non prosecuted. Even when they are prosecuted there are major differences in the intervention involved. For case a white on the job category male arrested for fraud will happen himself face down on the paving and handcuffed behind his dorsum. He will so be taken to a local constabulary station, thrown in a cell and finally interviewed for hours before holding DNA, fingerprints and exposures taken before being released. In entire contrast to this a affluent public figure such as a politician or famous person would be contacted through their PA or agent with a petition to go to the constabulary station at a clip suited and convenient for them. They will non be handcuffed, put in a cell o r subjected to many hours of question. They may hold to supply DNA, fingerprints and exposure but this could besides depend on the individual in inquiry. Mentions Aldridge, S. ( 2004 )Life Chances A ; Social Mobility: An Overview of the Evidence[ online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.swslim.org.uk/documents/themes/lt10_lifechances_socialmobility.pdf [ Accessed on: 25ThursdayFebruary 2014 ] . Anon. ( n.d )Social Inequality Class War[ online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk/url? sa=t A ; rct=j A ; q= A ; esrc=s A ; source=web A ; cd=4 A ; ved=0CE4QFjAD A ; url=https % 3A % 2F % 2Fhwb.wales.gov.uk % 2Fcms % 2Fhwbcontent % 2FShared % 2520Documents % 2Fvtc % 2F2009-10 % 2Fsociology % 2Fj-griffiths-a2 % 2F08 % 2520Class % 2520inequality.doc A ; ei=cwUNU9qYGoLC7AaH0YGADQ A ; usg=AFQjCNHztbBO4TkYV-B6XSNIwk_jZoTLiA A ; sig2=Jpwtyqz8c6wbtXevFwkpBw A ; bvm=bv.61725948, d.ZGU A ; cad=rja [ Accessed on: 25ThursdayFebruary 2014 ] . Burton, J. ( 2013 )Class and Stratification Access Sociology[ Class Hand-out ] . Access to Social Science: Life Chances, Northampton College. 1stMarch. Crossman, A. ( n.d )Sociology of Social Inequality[ online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //sociology.about.com/od/Disciplines/a/Sociology-Of-Social-Inequality.htm [ Accessed on: 27ThursdayFebruary 2014 ] . Scots Further Education Unit. ( n.d )Sociology Social Stratification Intermediate ?[ online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk/url? sa=t A ; rct=j A ; q= A ; esrc=s A ; source=web A ; cd=5 A ; ved=0CFYQFjAE A ; url=http % 3A % 2F % 2Fwww.educationscotland.gov.uk % 2FImages % 2FSocialStratInt12_tcm4-335917.doc A ; ei=cwUNU9qYGoLC7AaH0YGADQ A ; usg=AFQjCNFy43tMDIvoc1psuuKEX06umWxxgQ amp ; sig2=5lS1A_bga4yStmZ-aZ4NxA A ; bvm=bv.61725948, d.ZGU A ; cad=rja [ Accessed on: 25ThursdayFebruary 2014 ] . Sparknotes. ( n.d )Social Stratification and Inequality. Modern Stratification Systems[ online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sparknotes.com/sociology/social-stratification-and-inequality/section3.rhtml [ Accessed on: 27ThursdayFebruary 2014 ] . Stroud, A. ( 2001 )How Social Class Affects Life Opportunities[ online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/sociology/how-social-class-affects-life-chances.html [ Accessed on: 27ThursdayFebruary 2014 ] . Timmins, N. ( 2010 )Social advantages still shape life opportunities[ online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ft.com/cms/s/0/72110f9e-0ab1-11df-b35f-00144feabdc0.html axzz2ujHY6eXs [ Accessed on: 1stMarch 2014 ] . Bibliography Angel, L. ( 2007 )Sociology ( Analyse the relationship between societal category and life opportunities ) ?[ online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index? qid=20070121091107AADtlDM [ Accessed on: 27ThursdayFebruary 2014 ] . Bancroft, A. A ; Rogers, S. ( 2010 )Introduction to Sociology. Max Weber – Class, Status and Power[ online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cf.ac.uk/socsi/undergraduate/introsoc/weber11.html [ Accessed on: 27ThursdayFebruary 2014 ] . Rafaelz5. ( 2008 )Does societal category still act upon people’s life opportunities and life style?[ online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //answers.yahoo.com/question/index? qid=20080810055743AA8X0wM [ Accessed on: 27ThursdayFebruary 2014 ] . S-cool. ( n.d )Class[ online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/sociology/inequalities/revise-it/class [ Accessed on: 1stMarch 2014 ] .

13 High Paying Non Office Jobs

13 High Paying Non Office Jobs Okay, so you don’t want to sit behind a desk for the rest of your life.  The good news is: there are plenty of good jobs that don’t require 40 hours a week in front of a computer. And some of them pay really well. Here are 13 of the highest-paying jobs out there for anyone who just can’t sit there staring at their screen a moment longer.1. Mail CarrierWork for the postal service, sorting and delivering mail. Median annual pay: over $58k.2. BoilermakerConstruct and assemble boilers and other such structures. Median annual pay: around $60k.3. First-Line SupervisorSupervise construction trades and extraction workers. Make median pay of roughly $62k per year.4. Subway OperatorOperate a subway car (or a streetcar or elevated commuter train). Median income: over $63k per year.5. Signal or Track Switch RepairerMake sure all the systems, switches, and section lines are running smoothly in a rail system. Median pay: nearly $64k per year.6. Farm or Ranch ManagerCoordinat e the management and operation of agricultural businesses. Computer importance: only 41 out of 100. Median annual salary? over $64k.7. Power-Line Installer or RepairerWork in electrics installing or repairing cables or power systems.The median pay is well over $66k per year.8. Transportation InspectorInspect and monitor transportation equipment, vehicles, systems, etc. (for everything except aviation) to make sure safety standards and regulations are met. The median pay is almost $71k per year.9. Ship EngineerSupervise and coordinate the activities of a ship’s crew below and above decks. Median pay: almost $73k per year.10. AcupuncturistTrain to treat people using this ancient Chinese remedy. You could make almost $75k per year.11. Ship, Boat, or Barge MateSupervise or coordinate crew activities aboard numerous kinds of vessels. You can make almost $77k per year in median pay.12. Anesthesiologist AssistantAssist anesthesiologists in and out of surgery and monitor patient stat us and care. The median pay is high: over $98k per year.13. OBGYNIf you can get yourself through med school and become an obstetrician/gynecologist, you can make a whopping $187k+ median annual pay.

Should the government continue repatriating (i.e., returning) Research Paper

Should the government continue repatriating (i.e., returning) Guantnamo detainees to other countries - Research Paper Example Since they were arrested without trial, this ruined their lives. 4. The cost of maintaining Guantanamo bay detainees is costly and repatriating them would assist American government save on costs. 5. Repatriation of Guantanamo bay detainees would help in restoring the broken relations between US and the Middle East nations whose citizens were seen as targets of Guantanamo. CON: No, the US government should not repatriate Guantanamo bay detainees because†¦ 1. Repatriation of Guantanamo bay detainees would put their lives at risk. 2. Repatriating Guantanamo bay detainees will create a new security risk to American citizens. 3. Since Guantanamo bay detainees are prisoners of war, they have to face international charges on the crimes they undertook. 4. Repatriating Guantanamo bay detainees would seem unfair to victims of acts of terrorism who feel that these detainees deserve justice. 5. Repatriating Guantanamo bay detainees would amount to giving freedom to unlawful combatants. As a result, it would deal a blow to war on terrorism. The handling of Guantanamo bay detainees was not done in a proper manner since they were arrested and detained without trial. As a result, the US government has suffered a lot in terms of its image being soiled as a human rights violator. Therefore, the repatriations of Guantanamo bay detainees will help US to put behind the problems concerning human rights violations. Moreover, it will also assist the United States in giving justice to the detainees since they were first illegally and denied trial.1 In most case, Guantanamo bay detainees were not found at fault and therefore they will be released as a way of serving justice unto them. Guantanamo bay detainees should be treated as human beings and thus their release and eventual repatriation would guarantee them freedom. For instance, the case of Latif who committed suicide in Guantanamo tends to tarnish the human rights record of the United States.2 The US government will also sav e on costs of handling Guantanamo bay detainees if they were to be repatriated. The American government will save a lot if they repatriate Guantanamo bay detainees and it also well also help in reducing costs on people who are neither guilty nor innocent of war crimes. Guantanamo bay detainees have suffered a lot under the US administration since their incarceration was done against international laws. The detainees were not treated humanely and therefore man people criticised the move by President Bush’s government in detaining prisoners. For instance, the repatriation of Guantanamo bay detainees has been applauded as a good move by Elisa Massimino who said that the release of the prisoners by President Obama would help the US reclaim its role as a nation committed to human rights and the rule of law.3 The detention of people in Guantanamo bay was illegal and it lead to the ruin of the lives of many people from different locations. As a result, the repatriation of Guantanamo bay detainees would

The Colonization of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Colonization of America - Essay Example Economics was the driving force behind the move to the colonies and religion was the prime motivation. After a millennium of rule over Europe, the Catholic Church had come under increasing pressure brought on by its abuse of power and unpopular doctrines. During the reign of King Henry the VIII, England split from the Catholic Church and changed the national religion to Protestant. After Henry's death, the country switched between Catholic and Protestant as the rulers changed. When Mary became queen in 1553 she banished, persecuted, or killed many people who were not Catholics. When the Protestant religion came back in favor, there were even more dramatic splits in religion as radical Protestants objected to some of the fundamentals of the church. These splits in the churches carried on into the 17th century and eventually fomented into the English Civil War. England was being swept up into the fervor that had engulfed the rest of Europe decades earlier. The English Civil War, also known as the Puritan Movement, had its beginnings with John Calvin in the 16th century. The puritans objected to the modern Protestant church of the 17th century and insisted the church follow the Calvinist doctrine. The strict teachings of Calvinism earned the followers the name of reformer and non-conformer. These Puritan reformers, outlawed in their own country, were seeking a new place where they could practice their religion with freedom. The Americas were the ideal location, and the economic situation at the time made the journey a necessary reality. Others seeking wealth, resources, and land would facilitate their voyage across the sea. During the period of religious upheaval, England was also experiencing a dramatic shift in its economic system. By the beginning of the 17th century, the population has swelled and unemployment was escalating. Peasants and laborers moved to the city and were met with impoverished conditions. The increase in population placed a greater demand on goods and services and resulted in widespread scarcities across England. With a high demand and short supply, inflation set in and resulted in the Price Revolution. Landlords found that they could make more profit during this period of high inflation by producing cash goods rather than renting to tenants. In a process called enclosing, the landowners would evict the current tenants and enclose the property to produce commercial commodities. Though this was good for the economy in that it produced more goods and eased inflation, it resulted in greater poverty for the farmer tenants and increased unemployment in England's cities. These changing economic systems caused people to seek wealth in new areas such as the Americas. America offered the poor an opportunity to own land and the investor the chance to capitalize their fortunes. England saw migration as a means to ease the overpopulation and the overburdened demand for goods. The impoverished in England were also the most disenchanted and dissatisfied class. They were drawn to radical religious and philosophical doctrines and looked for leadership in these disciplines. Drawn by the promise of prosperity in a new land, they were eager to begin a pilgrimage to a new home. The promise of land ownership and religious freedom combined to make the migration to the Americas possible. The new immigrants to America began